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LACTOGG<sup>®</sup>对免疫系统的作用
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LACTOGG®对免疫系统的作用


珠珠益生菌对免疫系统的部分功效如下：

• 向免疫细胞发出分子信号，指导其降低或增强其活动。

• 促进免疫细胞对抗肠道内有害微生物，如轮状病毒或大肠杆菌。

轮状病毒感染期间，鼠李糖乳杆菌GG在小肠内的保护作用。
箭头代表因轮状病毒感染导致的肠道细胞大量损失。
感染轮状病毒前，服用GG益生菌的动物小肠内，未发现任何损害。
[Zhang et al. 2013]

• 促进免疫细胞攻击和战胜呼吸道中的有害细菌，如流感病毒。


TNF＝肿瘤坏死因子
IL-1β =白介素－1Lβ
MCP-1=单核细胞趋化蛋白
[Harata et al. 2010 ]

培养皿显示了感染肺炎的小鼠肺液中的细胞数目。服用了珠珠益生菌的小鼠肺部中，极少发现肺炎细菌。
左边培养皿＝未服用鼠李糖乳杆菌GG的小鼠。右边培养皿＝服用了鼠李糖乳杆菌GG的小鼠
[Khailova et al. 2013]

肺部显微镜切片。服用了鼠李糖乳杆菌GG的小鼠肺部肺炎严重程度显著降低。[Khailova et al 2014]

• 使人体避免炎症反应过激。正因为这种炎症控制能力，其能保护肠道等器官，使其不受极度活跃的免疫反应影响。

鼠李糖乳杆菌GG对大肠急性炎症的影响。以上是通过化学物质迅速引发炎症的小鼠结肠显微镜切片。服用了珠珠益生菌的小鼠与未服用益生菌的小鼠相比，肠道炎症和损伤小很多。[Amit-Romach et al. 2008] 

鼠李糖乳杆菌GG对慢性肠炎的功效。以上是通过长期服用化学物质迅速引发炎症的小鼠结肠显微镜切片。服用了珠珠益生菌的小鼠与未服用益生菌的小鼠相比，肠道炎症和损伤小很多。[Moon et al. 2008]

• 刺激抗体生成细胞的增长，提高免疫力。

• 刺激能消灭癌细胞的免疫细胞——自然杀伤细胞的生成

• 哺乳期的妈妈服用，能刺激母乳中调节免疫系统的蛋白质生成。上述免疫因子，如TGF-β和s-CD14，能通过母乳哺育进入宝宝身体，减少过敏。

• 抑制肠道、肺部和皮肤的过敏性炎症。


孕期前、孕期间和哺乳期，服用了鼠李糖乳杆菌GG的鼠妈妈和未服用益生菌的鼠妈妈相比，不同的过敏免疫反应对比。测试了肺液中的免疫因子。
在服用了珠珠益生菌的鼠妈妈中，过敏免疫因子 IL-4 和 IL-5得到抑制。
[Blumer et al. 2007]




参考链接:
Zeng Q et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG conditioned medium prevents E. coli meningitis by inhibiting nuclear factor-κB pathway. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2017;37(1):24-29.

Wang H et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG modulates innate signaling pathway and cytokine responses to rotavirus vaccine in intestinal mononuclear cells of gnotobiotic pigs transplanted with human gut microbiota. Microbiol 2016;16:109

Wen K et al. Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG enhanced Th1 cellular immunity but did not affect antibody responses in a human gut microbiota transplanted neonatal gnotobiotic pig model. PLoS 2014;9(4):e94504

Iliev ID et al. Immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotide containing TTTCGTTT motif from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG DNA potentially suppresses OVA-specific IgE production in mice. Scand J Immunol 2008;67(4):370-376

Schultz M et al. Immunomodulatory consequences of oral administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG in healthy volunteers. J Dairy Res 2003 May;70(2):165-73

He X et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG supernatant enhance neonatal resistance to systemic Escherichia coli K1 infection by accelerating development of intestinal defense. Sci Rep 2017;7:43305

 Zhang L et al. Evaluation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG using an Escherichia coli K88 model of piglet diarrhoea: Effects on diarrhoea incidence, faecal microflora and immune responses. Vet Microbiol 2010;141:142-148


Zhang Z et al. Protective effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG against human rotavirus-induced diarrhoea in a neonatal mouse model. Pathog Dis. 2013;67(3):184-191

Zeng Q et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG conditioned medium prevents E. coli meningitis by inhibiting nuclear factor-κB pathway. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2017;37(1):24-29

Gao K et al. Immunomodulation and signaling mechanism of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and its components on porcine intestinal epithelial cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2017;50(5):700-713

Harata G et al.Intranasal administration of LGG protects mice from H1N1 influenza virus infection by regulating respiratory immune responses. Lett Appl Microbiol 2010;50;597-602

Khailova L et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Improves outcome in experimental pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia: Potential role of regulatory T cells. Shock 2013;40(6):496-503

Khailova L et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium longum attenuate lung injury and inflammatory response in experimental sepsis. PLoS ONE 2014:9(5): e97861

Ammoscato F et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus protects human colonic muscle from pathogen lipopolysaccharide-induced damage. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2013;25:987-e777

Yoda K et al. Lactobacillus GG-fermented milk prevents DSS-induced colitis and regulates intestinal epithelial homeostasis thru activation of epidermal growth factor receptor. Eur J Nutr 2014;53(1):105-115

Zhang L et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG decreases lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation in a gastrostomy-fed infant rat model. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2006;42:545-552

Donato KA et al.  Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG attenuates interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α-induced barrier dysfunction and pro-inflammatory signalling. Microbiol 2010;156:3288-3297

Amit-Romach E et al. Multistep mechanism of probiotic bacterium, the effect on innate immune system.  Mol Nutr Food Res 2010;54:277-284

Amit-Romach E et al. Therapeutic potential of two probiotics in inflammatory bowel disease as observed in the trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid model of colitis. Dis Colon Rectum 2008;51(12):1828-36

Bonaccorsi E et al. TH17 skewing in the GALT of a Crohn disease patient upon Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG consumption. Immune Lett 2016;170:95-97

Moon G et al. Prophylactic effect of Lactobacillus GG in animal colitis and its effect on cytokine secretion and mucin gene expressions. Korean J Gastroenterol 2004;43:234-245

Kim SO et al. G-CSF-mediated inhibition of JNK is key mechanism for L. rhamnosus-induced suppress of TNF product in macrophages. Cell Microbiol 2006;8(12):1958-1971

Rautava S et al. Specific probiotics in enhancing maturation of IgA responses in formula-fed infants. Pediatr Res 2006;60(2):221-224

Rinne M et al. Effect of probiotics and breastfeeding on the Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus-Enterococcus microbiota and humoral immune responses. J Pediatr 2005;147:186-191

Cai S et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG activation of dendritic cells and neutrophils depends on the dose and time of exposure. J Immunol Res 2016;2016:7402760. doi: 10.1155/2016/7402760

Kandasamy M et a. Lactobacilli secreting a tumor antigen and IL15 activates neutrophils and dendritic cells and generates cytotoxic T lymphocytes against cancer cells. Cell Immunol 2011;271(1):89-96

Seow  et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG induces tumor regression in mice bearing orthotopic bladder tumors. Cancer Sci 2010:101:751-758

Lim BK et al. Chemopreventive effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on growth of a subcutaneously implanted bladder cancer cell line in the mouse. Jpn J Cancer Res 2002;93:36-41

Huurre A et al. Impact of maternal atopy and probiotic supplementation during pregnancy on infant sensitization : a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Clin Exp Allergy 2008;38:1342-1348

Rautava S et. al Probiotics during pregnancy and breast-feeding might confer immunomodulatory protection against atopic disease in the infant. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;109:119-121

Viljanen M et a. Induction of inflammation as a possible mechanism of probiotic effect in atopic eczema-dermatitis syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;115:1254- 1259

Feleszko W et al. Probiotic-induced suppression of allergic sensitization and airway inflammation is associated with an increase of T regulatory-dependent mechanisms in a murine model of asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2006;37:498-505

Thang CL et al. Effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG supplementation on cow's milk allergy in a mouse model. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2011;7-20

Toki S et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus casei suppress Escherichia coli-induced Chemokine Expression in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2009;148:45-58

Blumer N et al. Perinatal maternal application of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG suppresses allergic airway inflammation in mouse offspring. Clin Exp Allergy 2007;37:348-357


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